Cell Biology
Cell Biology
Objective Questions
The basic unit of life is the:
(A) Tissue
(B) Organ
(C) Cell
(D) System
Which organelle is responsible for energy production in the cell?
(A) Nucleus
(B) Mitochondria
(C) Ribosome
(D) Golgi body
Which of these is not found in a plant cell?
(A) Chloroplast
(B) Cell wall
(C) Centriole
(D) Vacuole
The hereditary material in cells is:
(A) ATP
(B) DNA
(C) Protein
(D) Lipid
Cells that lack a nucleus are called:
(A) Eukaryotic
(B) Prokaryotic
(C) Multicellular
(D) Unicellular
The process of converting glucose to energy in the cell is called:
(A) Photosynthesis
(B) Respiration
(C) Fermentation
(D) Digestion
Which part of the cell controls all activities?
(A) Cytoplasm
(B) Nucleus
(C) Ribosome
(D) Lysosome
The semi-permeable barrier around the cell is:
(A) Nucleus
(B) Mitochondria
(C) Cell membrane
(D) Cell wall
Which cell component is involved in protein synthesis?
(A) Ribosome
(B) Lysosome
(C) Nucleolus
(D) Golgi apparatus
Plant cells differ from animal cells because they have:
(A) Nucleus and mitochondria
(B) Cell wall and chloroplasts
(C) Ribosomes and lysosomes
(D) Golgi body and vacuoles
Osmosis specifically refers to the movement of:
(A) Glucose
(B) Water
(C) Ions
(D) Proteins
The jelly-like substance in a cell is:
(A) Cytoplasm
(B) Nucleoplasm
(C) Ribosome
(D) Lysosome
The organelle responsible for photosynthesis is the:
(A) Mitochondria
(B) Nucleus
(C) Chloroplast
(D) Endoplasmic reticulum
Which cells have a definite shape?
(A) Animal cells
(B) Plant cells
(C) Red blood cells
(D) White blood cells
The structure that provides support and rigidity in plant cells is:
(A) Cell membrane
(B) Cytoplasm
(C) Vacuole
(D) Cell wall
In which part of the cell does glycolysis occur?
(A) Nucleus
(B) Mitochondria
(C) Cytoplasm
(D) Ribosome
The scientist who first observed cells under a microscope was:
(A) Charles Darwin
(B) Gregor Mendel
(C) Robert Hooke
(D) Louis Pasteur
What is the role of lysosomes in the cell?
(A) Protein synthesis
(B) Storage of genetic information
(C) Intracellular digestion
(D) Transport of substances
The organelle known as the "powerhouse of the cell" is the:
(A) Chloroplast
(B) Mitochondria
(C) Nucleus
(D) Endoplasmic reticulum
The structural and functional unit of the kidney is:
(A) Nephron
(B) Alveolus
(C) Hepatocyte
(D) Osteocyte
What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?
(A) Storage of water
(B) Protection and support
(C) Photosynthesis
(D) Transport of substances
The process by which cells divide into two identical daughter cells is called:
(A) Meiosis
(B) Mitosis
(C) Cytokinesis
(D) Fertilization
What is the liquid part of the cytoplasm called?
(A) Nucleoplasm
(B) Matrix
(C) Cytosol
(D) Stroma
Which of these is an example of a unicellular organism?
(A) Amoeba
(B) Fish
(C) Tree
(D) Dog
What is the main function of the vacuole in plant cells?
(A) Protein synthesis
(B) Storage of materials
(C) Energy production
(D) Cell division
Which organelle is responsible for packaging and transporting proteins?
(A) Golgi apparatus
(B) Ribosome
(C) Chloroplast
(D) Lysosome
The movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration is called:
(A) Active transport
(B) Osmosis
(C) Diffusion
(D) Endocytosis
What do you call the long whip-like structure used for cell movement?
(A) Cilia
(B) Flagella
(C) Pseudopodia
(D) Microvilli
The pigment responsible for photosynthesis in plants is:
(A) Hemoglobin
(B) Melanin
(C) Chlorophyll
(D) Keratin
What is the function of the nucleolus?
(A) Controlling cell activities
(B) Synthesizing ribosomal RNA
(C) Breaking down waste products
(D) Transporting lipids
Which organelle is absent in red blood cells of mammals?
(A) Mitochondria
(B) Nucleus
(C) Ribosome
(D) Endoplasmic reticulum
The organelle that plays a role in lipid synthesis is the:
(A) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
(B) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
(C) Ribosome
(D) Lysosome
The double membrane structure that surrounds the nucleus is called:
(A) Nuclear envelope
(B) Plasma membrane
(C) Cell wall
(D) Nucleoplasm
Which process requires energy?
(A) Osmosis
(B) Diffusion
(C) Active transport
(D) Facilitated diffusion
The liquid matrix within the mitochondria is called:
(A) Cytosol
(B) Stroma
(C) Cristae
(D) Matrix
Which of these organisms are prokaryotic?
(A) Fungi
(B) Viruses
(C) Bacteria
(D) Algae
Cells that are specialized for conduction of electrical impulses are:
(A) Muscle cells
(B) Nerve cells
(C) Bone cells
(D) Blood cells
Which organelle contains digestive enzymes?
(A) Lysosome
(B) Ribosome
(C) Mitochondria
(D) Golgi apparatus
In plant cells, the large central vacuole is filled with:
(A) Cytosol
(B) Water and dissolved substances
(C) Proteins
(D) Lipids
What part of the cell ensures genetic material is accurately divided during cell division?
(A) Centrosome
(B) Ribosome
(C) Lysosome
(D) Golgi body
The region of a bacterial cell where DNA is located is called the:
(A) Nucleolus
(B) Nucleoid
(C) Cytoplasm
(D) Ribosome
The network of protein filaments that gives the cell shape is called the:
(A) Cytoskeleton
(B) Plasma membrane
(C) Nuclear envelope
(D) Centrosome
What is the energy currency of the cell?
(A) DNA
(B) RNA
(C) ATP
(D) ADP
Photosynthesis takes place in the:
(A) Mitochondria
(B) Chloroplast
(C) Ribosome
(D) Vacuole
Which organelle synthesizes lipids and steroids?
(A) Smooth ER
(B) Ribosome
(C) Golgi body
(D) Chloroplast
What is the function of tRNA in protein synthesis?
(A) Transport amino acids to the ribosome
(B) Transmit signals to the nucleus
(C) Store genetic information
(D) Assemble phospholipids
Which type of cell division reduces the chromosome number by half?
(A) Mitosis
(B) Meiosis
(C) Binary fission
(D) Budding
The thin, flexible layer around the cell is called the:
(A) Plasma membrane
(B) Cell wall
(C) Cytoskeleton
(D) Mitochondria
What is the primary component of the cell wall in plants?
(A) Cellulose
(B) Protein
(C) Starch
(D) Lipids
Which process allows the cell to engulf large particles?
(A) Exocytosis
(B) Endocytosis
(C) Diffusion
(D) Osmosis
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